The craft behind the image

Made bylight & chemistrynot pixels.

Each print begins not with a camera, but with a coated sheet of paper — sensitised by hand, exposed under UV light, and developed in water.

Explore the processes
Cyanotype
Iron salts · Prussian blue
Kallitype
Iron & silver · warm tones
"The image doesn't come from a file.
It comes from a reaction between light, metal salts, and time."

Alternative process photography describes a family of non-silver, non-digital photographic techniques developed largely in the 1800s. Unlike conventional photography, these processes rely on metal salts — iron, platinum, palladium — rather than silver halides to form an image.

The results are fundamentally different from inkjet or darkroom prints: the image is in the paper fibres, not sitting on top of them. Tones are richer, surfaces are matte, and the archival stability can outlast almost any modern printing method.

Working this way means accepting variability. Each sheet of paper responds differently. Temperature, humidity, and the exact mineral content of the water all influence the final image. That's not a limitation — it's the point.

Learn it in person — see workshops →
The processes

Three techniques, one practice

Each process has its own chemistry, its own palette, and its own relationship with light.

Ferric ammonium citrate
Potassium ferricyanide
UV light → Prussian blue
01
Est. 1842 · Sir John Herschel

Cyan<em>otype</em>

The blueprint process · Iron-based

Two iron salts — ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide — are mixed in equal parts and brushed onto watercolour paper in complete darkness. After drying, a large-format negative is laid directly on the paper and exposed to UV light for 10–20 minutes.

Where light strikes, the iron compounds undergo a chemical reaction and form insoluble Prussian blue. Where the negative blocked light, the paper remains pale and water-soluble. Development is simply running water, washing away the unexposed chemistry and revealing the image.

Deep Prussian blue — ranging from near-black to palest sky
High contrast, excellent fine detail retention
Exposure times 10–25 minutes in direct UV or sunlight
Archival stability of 100+ years when stored correctly
See Workshops →
Ferric oxalate
Silver nitrate
UV light → metallic silver
02
Est. 1889 · W.J. Nichol

Kalli<em>type</em>

The poor man's platinum · Iron & silver

Kallitype uses ferric oxalate and silver nitrate to produce an image in metallic silver. It's often described as the closest alternative-process technique to platinum/palladium printing — producing warm, luminous tones in a brown-to-black range depending on developer chemistry.

The process requires more chemistry than cyanotype: a developer (typically sodium acetate or borax), a clearing bath to remove residual iron, and a fixer or toner to stabilise the silver image. Toning with sodium thiosulfate or gold dramatically improves archival stability and shifts colour toward cooler or warmer blacks.

Warm sepia through rich neutral black depending on development
Long tonal scale — exceptional shadow and highlight separation
Can be toned to shift colour and improve permanence
More process-sensitive than cyanotype — humidity and temperature matter
See Workshops →
Iron salt sensitiser · UV exposed
Inkjet-printed elements · pigment inks
Two layers · one surface · one print
03
Hybrid technique · Contemporary practice

Cyanotype <em>/ Inkjet</em>

Iron chemistry + pigment ink · layered on cotton rag

This is not a single process but a deliberate collision of two. A sheet of cotton rag paper is first prepared with a hand-applied inkjet layer — colour, texture, or tonal elements printed directly onto the paper using pigment inks. That same sheet is then coated with cyanotype sensitiser, dried in the dark, and exposed under UV light with a large-format negative.

The cyanotype development washes away unexposed chemistry, revealing the Prussian blue image — but now it sits on top of and in dialogue with the inkjet layer beneath. The two image-forming systems interact: blue chemistry over warm ink creates passages that neither process could produce alone. Each print is genuinely unrepeatable.

Two distinct image layers on a single sheet of paper — inkjet beneath, cyanotype above
Colour, tone, and chemistry interact unpredictably — controlled accident
Registration between layers requires precise paper handling and drying
No two prints identical — the hybrid nature amplifies natural variability
See Workshops →
How the hybrid is made

Two processes, one surface

The cyanotype/inkjet hybrid requires precise sequencing — the inkjet layer must be fully cured before any photochemistry touches the paper.

🖨️
Stage 01
Inkjet layer
Colour or tonal elements printed directly onto cotton rag paper with pigment inks — dried and cured for 24 hours
🌑
Stage 02
Sensitising
Cyanotype chemistry brushed over the inkjet layer in complete darkness — must coat evenly without disturbing the ink below
☀️
Stage 03
UV exposure
Large-format negative placed on the coated paper and exposed under UV — 10 to 25 minutes depending on chemistry and density
💧
Stage 04
Development
Running water washes away unexposed cyanotype — revealing where iron chemistry and inkjet layer now coexist on the same surface
Stage 05
The reveal
As the print dries, blue deepens and warm tones re-emerge — the final relationship between layers becomes visible for the first time
Why it lasts

Built for permanence

Alternative process prints have outlasted nearly every printing technology that followed them. The reasons are structural.

The image is in the paper
In inkjet and silver gelatin prints, the image layer sits on top of a surface. In cyanotype and kallitype, the photosensitive chemistry penetrates into the paper fibres during coating. After development, the image is part of the paper itself — it cannot peel, flake, or delaminate.
100+
No organic dyes to fade
Inkjet prints use organic dye or pigment colorants that degrade under UV and atmospheric pollutants. Cyanotype's Prussian blue is an inorganic iron compound; kallitype's image is metallic silver. Neither is susceptible to the oxidation pathways that cause inkjet fading.
Cotton rag paper substrate
All prints are made on 100% cotton rag watercolour paper — acid-free, buffered, and free from wood pulp. Cotton paper has a demonstrated lifespan measured in centuries, not decades. The paper itself will not yellow, become brittle, or off-gas acids that degrade the image.
yrs
What goes into each print

Materials & suppliers

Fabriano Artistico 300gsm · Hot press Primary paper · Cyanotype
Arches Platine 145gsm Primary paper · Kallitype
Ferric ammonium citrate (green) Cyanotype · Part A
Potassium ferricyanide Cyanotype · Part B
Ferric oxalate 26% solution Kallitype · Sensitiser
Silver nitrate 10% solution Kallitype · Silver component
Pigment inkjet inks · archival grade Cyanotype/Inkjet hybrid
UV LED exposure unit · 365nm Controlled exposure
On sourcing & standards

Chemistry is sourced from Bostick & Sullivan (New Mexico) and Photographers' Formulary — two suppliers who have supplied the alternative process community for decades and maintain consistent purity standards.

Paper selection is tested every time a new batch arrives. A small calibration print is made before committing to an edition — coating characteristics, exposure times, and development behaviour all shift slightly between paper batches.

No proprietary chemistry, no shortcut kits. Each chemistry solution is made fresh at the beginning of a printing session and disposed of responsibly at the end. Freshness directly affects the quality of the final print.

Commission · Enquire · Collaborate

Want to see the process in person, or commission a print made to your brief?

Say hello →
Small groups · hands-on · North Vancouver studio

The only way to really understand this is to make it yourself.

Workshops run with a maximum of four people. You'll coat paper, expose prints, and leave with finished work you made by hand — plus the knowledge to keep going on your own. No experience necessary. Everything provided.

Spots fill quickly — next sessions booking now